Degenerative disk disease

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Disk Herniation

  • Focal - <25% of the disk circumference
  • Broad based - 25%-50%
  • Bulging - > 50%


Protrusion - if the thickness of the herniated disk is less then the thickness of the intervertebral disk

Extrusion - if the thickness of the herniated disk is greater then the thickness of the intervertebral disk

Sequestration - when extruded disk is not in continuity with parent disk


Degenerative End Plate Changes (MRI)

Type 1 - water signal (edema)

Type 2 - fat signal

Type 3 - sclerosis